TWO-PHASE ICP 2: Prozess-spezifische Parametrisierung der Änderung hydraulischer poröser Medieneigenschaften durch biogeochemische Reaktionen

Lehrstuhl für Hydromechanik und Hydrosystemmodellierung

Forschungsprojekt gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 380443677

Projektbeschreibung

Eine Möglichkeit, die Auswirkungen des globalen Klimawandels durch Verringerung des emittierten Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) zu begrenzen, ist die Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO2 (CCS von englisch Carbon Capture and Storage). Dabei wird bei großen Produzenten von CO2, etwa Kraftwerken, die mit fossilen Brennstoffen wie Kohle oder Erdgas befeuert werden, oder in der Zementproduktion, das entstehende CO2 vom Abgas getrennt und danach meist im Untergrund gespeichert. Um die international vereinbarten Klimaziele nicht komplett aus dem Blick zu verlieren, wird CCS vermutlich in der nahen Zukunft eingesetzt werden müssen. Auch für die optimale Nutzung der erneuerbaren Energien wird vermutlich Gas im Untergrund gespeichert werden müssen, um schwankenden Bedarf und Erzeugung zu puffern. Dabei kann es sich um Erdgas, synthetisches Methan (CH4), oder Wasserstoff (H2) oder einfach komprimierte Luft handeln. Optimale Reservoire für CCS oder andere Gasspeicher liegen in mehr oder weniger großen Tiefen, abhängig vom zu speichernden Gas und günstigen geologischen Bedingungen, und sind durch undurchlässige Deckschichten von darüber liegenden Schichten oder Grundwasserleitern getrennt.CO2 kann effektiv nur ab einer Mindesttiefe von etwa 800m gespeichert werden, Erdgas oder synthetische Gase zur Zwischenspeicherung von erneuerbaren Energien auch schon in geringerer Tiefe. Unabhängig davon ist es in jedem Fall für den erfolgreichen Betrieb erforderlich, das Entweichen der gespeicherten Gase zu verhindern. Da bei der Erkundung der geologischen Gegebenheiten potentieller Speicherformationen eine Restunsicherheit besteht, können möglicherweise aus einem Speicher trotz aller Sorgfalt, durch im Voraus unbemerkte Schwachstellen in der Deckschicht oder durch mechanische oder geochemische Prozesse während der Injektion, Gase austreten. Es müssen deshalb Technologien entwickelt werden, die für Maßnahmen als Reaktion auf potentiell während des Betriebs entdeckte Leckagen eingesetzt werdenkönnen , z.B. gezielte Versiegelung von Wegsamkeiten.

Um Versiegelungstechnologien zu verbessern, wie zum Beispiel Biomineralisierung oder Zementleiminjektionen, ist das Verständnis der (bio-) geochemischen Reaktionen und des Transports der in Gas- und Wasserphase gelösten Komponenten wichtig. Bei einer Zementleiminjektion wird fein gemahlener Zement mit Wasser gemischt und der dabei entstehende Zementleim durch Druck in den zu zementierenden Bereich gepresst. Allerdings ist Zementleim sehr viskos, wodurch er keine große Reichweite hat und nur größere Poren oder Risse erreichen kann.

Mikrobiell induzierte Calciumcarbonatausfällung (MICP) ist eine inzwischen schon etablierte Möglichkeit der Biomineralisierung, bei der Calciumcarbonat, ein natürliches zementähnliches Mineral, durch die Tätigkeit gezielt eingebrachter Bakterien und geeigneter weiterer Stoffe direkt in den abzudichtenden Bereichen im Untergrund produziert wird. Durch die geringe Viskosität der dabei eingesetzten wässrigen Lösungen und die geringe Größe der Bakterien (wenige µm) kann MICP im Vergleich zu Zementleim einen wesentlich größeren Bereich abdichten und zudem auch noch kleinere Poren effektiv verschließen. Ähnlich zu MICP funktionieren auch enzymatisch oder thermisch induzierte Calciumcarbonatausfällung (EICP und TICP), bei denen ensprechnd statt lebender Bakterien extrahierte Enzyme oder erhöhte Temperaturen die Reaktionen katalysieren bzw. verursachen.
In den Vorgängerprojekten am Lehrstuhl für Hydromechanik und Hydrosystemmodellierung wurden bereits komplexe numerische Modellkonzepte für MICP, EICP und TICP entwickelt und erfolgreich getestet. Diese alternativen Methoden erweitern durch die höhere Temperaturbeständigkeit des in EICP verwendeten Enzyms Urease beziehungsweise im Fall von TICP durch die in tiefen Schichten natürlicherweise erhöhten Temperatur den Anwendungsbereich von Biomineralisierung in größere Tiefen bzw. heißere Reservoire. Alle Methoden zusammen werden im Folgenden schlich induzierte Calciumcarbonatausfällung (ICP) genannt.

Das Hauptziel des neuen Projektes ist auf die Strömungszustände in solchen Gasspeichern bzw. deren abzudichtenden Deckschichten gerichtet, vor allem aber auf die detaillierte Beschreibung der Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Methoden von ICP auf die dafür relevanten Eigenschaften des porösen Mediums. Die Strömungszustände sind in der Regel dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser und Gas getrennte Fluidphasen bilden. Dadurch kommt es zu kapillaren Effekten, wie man es zum Beispiel beim Aufsaugen von Wasser in einen Schwamm beobachten kann, aber auch zur Behinderung der Strömung einer Phase durch das Vorhandensein der jeweils anderen. Wenn zum Beispiel eine Pore vollkommen mit Wasser gefüllt ist, ist diese für Gas blockiert und es muss sich einen anderen Weg suchen oder das Wasser zuerst aus der Pore verdrängen. Diese Effekte werden von den Eigenschaften der Fluide hervorgerufen, aber auch von der Geometrie und den Eigenschaften der Feststoffe beeinflusst. Die Feststoffe und vor allem deren Geometrie jedoch verändern sich im Verlauf der Calciumcarbonatausfällung, da sich immer mehr Calciumcarbonat anreichert und damit die Porengeometrie und die Mineralienzusammensetzung an der Oberfläche ändert. Zudem verringert sich jedoch auch mit zunehmender Füllung der Poren mit Carbonatmineralen auch die allgemeine, intrinsische Permeabilität, was auch in einem voll gesättigten, einphasigen Zustand die Durchströmung verringert. Alle diese Effekte von ICP auf die Eigenschaften eines porösen Mediums beeinflussen jedoch auch den Nachschub an den nötigen Stoffen für eine weitere Calciumcarbonatausfällung: Wenn zum Beispiel ein Porenhals komplett verschlossen wird, werden die beiden vorher verbundenen Poren getrennt und gegeben Falls zu Sackgassen, die nicht mehr weiter durchströmt werden und in die nur noch durch Diffusion weiter Stoffe transportiert werden.
Damit ist die korrekte, methodenspezifische Beschreibung der Effekte von ICP auf die hydromechanischen Eigenschaften von porösen Medien essentiell, um nicht nur die gleichzeitige Strömung von Wasser- und Gasphase im Modell korrekt in Abhängigkeit der Mineralisierungstärke zu beschreiben und damit die Wirkung einer ICP-Anwendung planen und bewerten zu können, sondern auch um die Wirkungen einer Anwendung von ICP selbst möglichst genau vorhersagen zu können.

Laufzeit

04/2021 - 01/2026

Finanzierung

Publikationen

(Zeitschriften-) Aufsätze
1. Lee, D., Weinhardt, F., Hommel, J., Piotrowski, J., Class, H., & Steeb, H. (2023). Machine learning assists in increasing the time resolution of X-ray computed tomography applied to mineral precipitation in porous media. Scientific Reports, 13, 10529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37523-0
  Zusammenfassung
  Many subsurface engineering technologies or natural processes cause porous medium properties, such as porosity or permeability, to evolve in time. Studying and understanding such processes on the pore scale is strongly aided by visualizing the details of geometric and morphological changes in the pores. For realistic 3D porous media, X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is the method of choice for visualization. However, the necessary high spatial resolution requires either access to limited high-energy synchrotron facilities or data acquisition times which are considerably longer (e.g. hours) than the time scales of the processes causing the pore geometry change (e.g. minutes). Thus, so far, conventional benchtop XRCT technologies are often too slow to allow for studying dynamic processes. Interrupting experiments for performing XRCT scans is also in many instances no viable approach. We propose a novel workflow for investigating dynamic precipitation processes in porous media systems in 3D using a convent.
  BibTeX
  @article{Leeetal2023, abstract = {Many subsurface engineering technologies or natural processes cause porous medium properties, such as porosity or permeability, to evolve in time. Studying and understanding such processes on the pore scale is strongly aided by visualizing the details of geometric and morphological changes in the pores. For realistic 3D porous media, X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is the method of choice for visualization. However, the necessary high spatial resolution requires either access to limited high-energy synchrotron facilities or data acquisition times which are considerably longer (e.g. hours) than the time scales of the processes causing the pore geometry change (e.g. minutes). Thus, so far, conventional benchtop XRCT technologies are often too slow to allow for studying dynamic processes. Interrupting experiments for performing XRCT scans is also in many instances no viable approach. We propose a novel workflow for investigating dynamic precipitation processes in porous media systems in 3D using a convent.}, author = {Lee, Dongwon and Weinhardt, Felix and Hommel, Johannes and Piotrowski, Joseph and Class, Holger and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-37523-0}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, pages = 10529, title = {Machine learning assists in increasing the time resolution of X-ray computed tomography applied to mineral precipitation in porous media}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37523-0}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37523-0
2. Hommel, J., Gehring, L., Weinhardt, F., Ruf, M., & Steeb, H. (2022). Effects of Enzymatically Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Capillary Pressure-Saturation Relations. Minerals, 12(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12101186
  Zusammenfassung
  Leakage mitigation methods are an important part of reservoir engineering and subsurface fluid storage, in particular. In the context of multi-phase systems of subsurface storage, e.g., subsurface CO2 storage, a reduction in the intrinsic permeability is not the only parameter to influence the potential flow or leakage; multi-phase flow parameters, such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, are key parameters that are likely to be influenced by pore-space reduction due to leakage mitigation methods, such as induced precipitation. In this study, we investigate the effects of enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation on capillary pressure–saturation relations as the first step in accounting for the effects of induced precipitation on multi-phase flow parameters. This is, to our knowledge, the first exploration of the effect of enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation on capillary pressure–saturation relations thus far. First, pore-scale resolved microfluidic experiments in 2D glass cells and 3D sintered glass-bead columns were conducted, and the change in the pore geometry was observed by light microscopy and micro X-ray computed tomography, respectively. Second, the effects of the geometric change on the capillary pressure–saturation curves were evaluated by numerical drainage experiments using pore-network modeling on the pore networks extracted from the observed geometries. Finally, parameters of both the Brooks–Corey and Van Genuchten relations were fitted to the capillary pressure–saturation curves determined by pore-network modeling and compared with the reduction in porosity as an average measure of the pore geometry’s change due to induced precipitation. The capillary pressures increased with increasing precipitation and reduced porosity. For the 2D setups, the change in the parameters of the capillary pressure–saturation relation was parameterized. However, for more realistic initial geometries of the 3D samples, while the general patterns of increasing capillary pressure may be observed, such a parameterization was not possible using only porosity or porosity reduction, likely due to the much higher variability in the pore-scale distribution of the precipitates between the experiments. Likely, additional parameters other than porosity will need to be considered to accurately describe the effects of induced carbonate precipitation on the capillary pressure–saturation relation of porous media.
  BibTeX
  @article{min12101186, abstract = {Leakage mitigation methods are an important part of reservoir engineering and subsurface fluid storage, in particular. In the context of multi-phase systems of subsurface storage, e.g., subsurface CO2 storage, a reduction in the intrinsic permeability is not the only parameter to influence the potential flow or leakage; multi-phase flow parameters, such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, are key parameters that are likely to be influenced by pore-space reduction due to leakage mitigation methods, such as induced precipitation. In this study, we investigate the effects of enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation on capillary pressure–saturation relations as the first step in accounting for the effects of induced precipitation on multi-phase flow parameters. This is, to our knowledge, the first exploration of the effect of enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation on capillary pressure–saturation relations thus far. First, pore-scale resolved microfluidic experiments in 2D glass cells and 3D sintered glass-bead columns were conducted, and the change in the pore geometry was observed by light microscopy and micro X-ray computed tomography, respectively. Second, the effects of the geometric change on the capillary pressure–saturation curves were evaluated by numerical drainage experiments using pore-network modeling on the pore networks extracted from the observed geometries. Finally, parameters of both the Brooks–Corey and Van Genuchten relations were fitted to the capillary pressure–saturation curves determined by pore-network modeling and compared with the reduction in porosity as an average measure of the pore geometry’s change due to induced precipitation. The capillary pressures increased with increasing precipitation and reduced porosity. For the 2D setups, the change in the parameters of the capillary pressure–saturation relation was parameterized. However, for more realistic initial geometries of the 3D samples, while the general patterns of increasing capillary pressure may be observed, such a parameterization was not possible using only porosity or porosity reduction, likely due to the much higher variability in the pore-scale distribution of the precipitates between the experiments. Likely, additional parameters other than porosity will need to be considered to accurately describe the effects of induced carbonate precipitation on the capillary pressure–saturation relation of porous media.}, article-number = {1186}, author = {Hommel, Johannes and Gehring, Luca and Weinhardt, Felix and Ruf, Matthias and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.3390/min12101186}, issn = {2075-163X}, journal = {Minerals}, number = 10, title = {Effects of Enzymatically Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Capillary Pressure-Saturation Relations}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/10/1186}, volume = 12, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/10/1186
3. Scheurer, S., Schäfer Rodrigues Silva, A., Mohammadi, F., Hommel, J., Oladyshkin, S., Flemisch, B., & Nowak, W. (2021). Surrogate-based Bayesian comparison of computationally expensive models: application to microbially induced calcite precipitation. Computational Geosciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-021-10076-9
  Zusammenfassung
  Geochemical processes in subsurface reservoirs affected by microbial activity change the material properties of porous media. This is a complex biogeochemical process in subsurface reservoirs that currently contains strong conceptual uncertainty. This means, several modeling approaches describing the biogeochemical process are plausible and modelers face the uncertainty of choosing the most appropriate one. The considered models differ in the underlying hypotheses about the process structure. Once observation data become available, a rigorous Bayesian model selection accompanied by a Bayesian model justifiability analysis could be employed to choose the most appropriate model, i.e. the one that describes the underlying physical processes best in the light of the available data. However, biogeochemical modeling is computationally very demanding because it conceptualizes different phases, biomass dynamics, geochemistry, precipitation and dissolution in porous media. Therefore, the Bayesian framework cannot be based directly on the full computational models as this would require too many expensive model evaluations. To circumvent this problem, we suggest to perform both Bayesian model selection and justifiability analysis after constructing surrogates for the competing biogeochemical models. Here, we will use the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion. Considering that surrogate representations are only approximations of the analyzed original models, we account for the approximation error in the Bayesian analysis by introducing novel correction factors for the resulting model weights. Thereby, we extend the Bayesian model justifiability analysis and assess model similarities for computationally expensive models. We demonstrate the method on a representative scenario for microbially induced calcite precipitation in a porous medium. Our extension of the justifiability analysis provides a suitable approach for the comparison of computationally demanding models and gives an insight on the necessary amount of data for a reliable model performance.
  BibTeX
  @article{scheurer_surrogate-based_2021, abstract = {Geochemical processes in subsurface reservoirs affected by microbial activity change the material properties of porous media. This is a complex biogeochemical process in subsurface reservoirs that currently contains strong conceptual uncertainty. This means, several modeling approaches describing the biogeochemical process are plausible and modelers face the uncertainty of choosing the most appropriate one. The considered models differ in the underlying hypotheses about the process structure. Once observation data become available, a rigorous Bayesian model selection accompanied by a Bayesian model justifiability analysis could be employed to choose the most appropriate model, i.e. the one that describes the underlying physical processes best in the light of the available data. However, biogeochemical modeling is computationally very demanding because it conceptualizes different phases, biomass dynamics, geochemistry, precipitation and dissolution in porous media. Therefore, the Bayesian framework cannot be based directly on the full computational models as this would require too many expensive model evaluations. To circumvent this problem, we suggest to perform both Bayesian model selection and justifiability analysis after constructing surrogates for the competing biogeochemical models. Here, we will use the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion. Considering that surrogate representations are only approximations of the analyzed original models, we account for the approximation error in the Bayesian analysis by introducing novel correction factors for the resulting model weights. Thereby, we extend the Bayesian model justifiability analysis and assess model similarities for computationally expensive models. We demonstrate the method on a representative scenario for microbially induced calcite precipitation in a porous medium. Our extension of the justifiability analysis provides a suitable approach for the comparison of computationally demanding models and gives an insight on the necessary amount of data for a reliable model performance.}, author = {Scheurer, Stefania and Schäfer Rodrigues Silva, Aline and Mohammadi, Farid and Hommel, Johannes and Oladyshkin, Sergey and Flemisch, Bernd and Nowak, Wolfgang}, doi = {10.1007/s10596-021-10076-9}, issn = {1573-1499}, journal = {Computational Geosciences}, month = {08}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {Surrogate-based Bayesian comparison of computationally expensive models: application to microbially induced calcite precipitation}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-021-10076-9}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-021-10076-9
4. von Wolff, L., Weinhardt, F., Class, H., Hommel, J., & Rohde, C. (2021). Investigation of Crystal Growth in Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation by Micro-Fluidic Experimental Methods and Comparison with Mathematical Modeling. Transport in Porous Media, 137(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01560-y
  Zusammenfassung
  Enzymatically induced calcite precipitation (EICP) is an engineering technology that allows for targeted reduction of porosity in a porous medium by precipitation of calcium carbonates. This might be employed for reducing permeability in order to seal flow paths or for soil stabilization. This study investigates the growth of calcium-carbonate crystals in a micro-fluidic EICP setup and relies on experimental results of precipitation observed over time and under flow-through conditions in a setup of four pore bodies connected by pore throats. A phase-field approach to model the growth of crystal aggregates is presented, and the corresponding simulation results are compared to the available experimental observations. We discuss the model's capability to reproduce the direction and volume of crystal growth. The mechanisms that dominate crystal growth are complex depending on the local flow field as well as on concentrations of solutes. We have good agreement between experimental data and model results. In particular, we observe that crystal aggregates prefer to grow in upstream flow direction and toward the center of the flow channels, where the volume growth rate is also higher due to better supply.
  BibTeX
  @article{vonWolff2021-Weinhardt, abstract = {Enzymatically induced calcite precipitation (EICP) is an engineering technology that allows for targeted reduction of porosity in a porous medium by precipitation of calcium carbonates. This might be employed for reducing permeability in order to seal flow paths or for soil stabilization. This study investigates the growth of calcium-carbonate crystals in a micro-fluidic EICP setup and relies on experimental results of precipitation observed over time and under flow-through conditions in a setup of four pore bodies connected by pore throats. A phase-field approach to model the growth of crystal aggregates is presented, and the corresponding simulation results are compared to the available experimental observations. We discuss the model's capability to reproduce the direction and volume of crystal growth. The mechanisms that dominate crystal growth are complex depending on the local flow field as well as on concentrations of solutes. We have good agreement between experimental data and model results. In particular, we observe that crystal aggregates prefer to grow in upstream flow direction and toward the center of the flow channels, where the volume growth rate is also higher due to better supply.}, author = {von Wolff, Lars and Weinhardt, Felix and Class, Holger and Hommel, Johannes and Rohde, Christian}, day = 24, doi = {10.1007/s11242-021-01560-y}, issn = {1573-1634}, journal = {Transport in Porous Media}, month = {02}, number = 2, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, title = {Investigation of Crystal Growth in Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation by Micro-Fluidic Experimental Methods and Comparison with Mathematical Modeling}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01560-y}, volume = 137, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01560-y
5. Hommel, J., Akyel, A., Frieling, Z., Phillips, A. J., Gerlach, R., Cunningham, A. B., & Class, H. (2020). A Numerical Model for Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. Applied Sciences, 10(13), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134538
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Hommel2020, author = {Hommel, Johannes and Akyel, Arda and Frieling, Zachary and Phillips, Adrienne J. and Gerlach, Robin and Cunningham, Alfred B. and Class, Holger}, doi = {10.3390/app10134538}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, month = {06}, number = 13, pages = 4538, title = {A Numerical Model for Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation}, volume = 10, year = 2020 }
6. Cunningham, A. B., Class, H., Ebigbo, A., Gerlach, R., Phillips, A., & Hommel, J. (2019). Field-scale modeling of microbially induced calcite precipitation. Computational Geosciences, tbd. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-018-9797-6
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @article{NULL, author = {Cunningham, Alfred B. and Class, Holger and Ebigbo, Anozie and Gerlach, Robin and Phillips, Adrienne and Hommel, Johannes}, doi = {10.1007/s10596-018-9797-6}, journal = {Computational Geosciences}, month = {04}, note = {, IWS2ID=4551 , Partnerinstitution: Montana State University , Partneraddress: Bozeman, Montana, USA }, page = {tbd}, title = {Field-scale modeling of microbially induced calcite precipitation}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10596-018-9797-6}, volume = {tbd}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10596-018-9797-6
7. Hommel, J., Coltman, E., & Class, H. (2018). Porosity-Permeability Relations for Evolving Pore Space: A Review with a Focus on (Bio-)geochemically Altered Porous Media. Transport in Porous Media, 2(124), Article 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-018-1086-2
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @article{NULL, author = {Hommel, Johannes and Coltman, Edward and Class, Holger}, doi = {10.1007/s11242-018-1086-2}, journal = {Transport in Porous Media}, month = {05}, note = {, IWS2ID=4501 }, number = 124, page = {589-629}, title = {Porosity-Permeability Relations for Evolving Pore Space: A Review with a Focus on (Bio-)geochemically Altered Porous Media}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11242-018-1086-2}, volume = 2, year = 2018 }
  Link
  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11242-018-1086-2
Datensätze
1. Lee, D., Weinhardt, F., Hommel, J., Class, H., & Steeb, H. (2023). Time resolved micro-XRCT dataset of Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) in sintered glass bead columns. DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2227
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-Leeetal2023, author = {Lee, Dongwon and Weinhardt, Felix and Hommel, Johannes and Class, Holger and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2227}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Time resolved micro-XRCT dataset of Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) in sintered glass bead columns}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2227}, version = {V1}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2227
2. Ruf, M., Hommel, J., & Steeb, H. (2022). Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of medium column (sample 3). DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2906
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-Rufetal2022a, author = {Ruf, Matthias and Hommel, Johannes and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2906}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of medium column (sample 3)}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2906}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2906
3. Hommel, J., & Gehring, L. (2022). Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - column samples. DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-1713
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-HommelGehring2022, author = {Hommel, Johannes and Gehring, Luca}, doi = {10.18419/darus-1713}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - column samples}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-1713}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-1713
4. Ruf, M., Hommel, J., & Steeb, H. (2022). Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of high column (sample 4). DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2907
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-Rufetal2022b, author = {Ruf, Matthias and Hommel, Johannes and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2907}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of high column (sample 4)}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2907}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2907
5. Hommel, J., & Weinhardt, F. (2022). Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - microfluidics samples. DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2791
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-HommelWeinhardt2022, author = {Hommel, Johannes and Weinhardt, Felix}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2791}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - microfluidics samples}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2791}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2791
6. Ruf, M., Hommel, J., & Steeb, H. (2022). Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of low column (sample 10). DaRUS. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2908
  - BibTeX
  - Link
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-Rufetal2022c, author = {Ruf, Matthias and Hommel, Johannes and Steeb, Holger}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2908}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation and its effect on capillary pressure-saturation relations of porous media - micro-XRCT dataset of low column (sample 10)}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2908}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2908

Kontakt

TWO-PHASE ICP 2: Prozess-spezifische Parametrisierung der Änderung hydraulischer poröser Medieneigenschaften durch biogeochemische Reaktionen

Projektbeschreibung

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Bearbeiter

Abteilung

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Zusammenfassung

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Zusammenfassung

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